How does EBV cause cancer mechanism?
Under immunocompromised conditions, EBV can trigger human cancers of epithelial and lymphoid origin. The oncogenic potential of EBV is demonstrated by in vitro infection and transformation of quiescent B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs).
What is EBV in cancer?
A common virus that remains dormant in most people. It causes infectious mononucleosis and has been associated with certain cancers, including Burkitt lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Also called EBV.
Does EBV directly cause cancer?
Does EBV cause cancer? The Epstein Barr virus (EBV) increases the risk of some cancer types. But, for most people that have the virus, it will not cause them any problems. EBV is linked to Hodgkin lymphoma , Burkitt lymphoma (a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and nasopharyngeal cancers.
What is the pathogenesis of EBV?
Pathogenesis. Epithelial cells of the oropharynx are the portals of EBV infection. The virus is transmitted primarily by repeated contact with oropharyngeal secretions, and is primarily transmitted by adults 30–50 days or by children 10–14 days following infection. It can be isolated from saliva, blood, and lymphatics.
How does EBV cause B-cell lymphoma?
Whatever the precise details, it seems likely that EBV-infected B cells will enter/re-enter GC reactions either during virus colonization of the B cell system or during their subsequent persistence in the memory pool, and that genetic accidents arising from this normal process will contribute to the pathogenesis of the …
Does EBV cause cervical cancer?
Earlier studies have indicated that EBV is frequently present in human cervical cancer tissues, suggesting EBV is associated with the development of cervical cancer (18).
What are the virulence factors of Epstein-Barr virus?
Virulence Factors The main virulence factor of EBV is its ability to remain latent for years. It replicates and survives in host B cells and evades the immune response. Even if a response is mounted, the virus is never truly eliminated because it injects its DNA into the host cell nucleus.
How does EBV infect B cells?
EBV is transmitted from the carrier through the saliva and enters the host via the oropharynx region where it can infect naïve tonsillar B cells via interaction of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp350 and CD21/C3d expressed on B cells.
How does EBV cause B-cell proliferation?
In early studies we showed that EBV-infected B cell lymphomas produce human IL-10 that is required for cellular proliferation such that blockade of the autocrine human IL-10 pathway by neutralizing anti-IL-10 mAbs or soluble IL-10 receptor significantly inhibited the proliferation of EBV+ B cell lines from patients …
How does EBV affect B cells?
In vitro, EBV efficiently infects mature, resting B lymphocytes, activates them, and induces their continuous proliferation, leading to established lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL).
Which type of lymphoma is associated with EBV?
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the virus that causes mononucleosis, also known as “mono,” and it is associated with some types of NHL. These include Burkitt lymphoma, lymphomas occurring after an organ transplant, and, rarely, other lymphomas in people who are otherwise healthy.
Can EBV cause HPV?
Over the last decade, several studies have reported that HPV also exists in some EBV-negative NPC patients [14–17, 29]. HPV is considered one of the co-factors because it can transform epithelial cells, and the HPV DNA level is high in NPC biopsies.
How does EBV infect cells?
How does EBV immortalized B cells?
EBV can infect B-cells in vitro and convert them into immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). LCLs express six nuclear proteins (EBNA-1–6) and three latent membrane proteins (LMP-1, -2A and -2B). This growth transformation program is referred to as Latency III.
How does EBV cause B cell lymphoma?
What are the characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive gastric cancer?
EBV-positive gastric cancer often occurs in the proximal stomach (cardia and gastric body), where it forms lumps or ulcers that are accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration. Another noteworthy feature of EBV-positive gastric cancer is the ease of invasion into the submucosa with a low rate of lymph node metastasis.
What is the role of microRNAs in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lymphomagenesis?
Epstein-Barr virus microRNAs regulate B cell receptor signal transduction and lytic reactivation. PLoS Pathog. 2019;15 (1):e1007535. 80. Ma J, Nie K, Redmond D, Liu Y, Elemento O, Knowles DM, Tam W. EBV-miR-BHRF1-2 targets PRDM1/Blimp1: potential role in EBV lymphomagenesis.
What is the role of CD63 in the pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?
Hurwitz SN, Nkosi D, Conlon MM, York SB, Liu X, Tremblay DC, Meckes DG Jr. CD63 regulates Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 exosomal packaging, enhancement of vesicle production, and noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling. J Virol. 2017;91 (5):e02251.
What is the mouse model of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?
A new humanized mouse model of Epstein-Barr virus infection that reproduces persistent infection, lymphoproliferative disorder, and cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:673–682.