What signal molecules and what transcription factors are important for tooth development?
A number of signaling molecules including BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7 are specifically expressed in the enamel knot which acts as signaling center that controls cell proliferation and apoptosis, and determine cusps number and position, and therefore the tooth patterning 38, 39, 40, 41.
Is Sox2 a transcription factor?
Sox2 is a member of the Sox family of transcription factors. The Sox gene family was first defined by the discovery of the mammalian testis-determining factor, Sry[8,9]. Proteins of the Sox family all share a highly conserved high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA binding domain.
Are growth factors the same as transcription factors?
Key Difference: The major difference is that transcription factors bind to DNA while growth factors do not. Instead of binding to DNA, growth factors interact with other cellular molecules. The Relationship: Part of the natural confusion comes from the relationships that exist between the two.
What signaling proteins are involved in normal tooth development?
All aspects of tooth morphogenesis are regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, which are mediated by the conserved signaling pathways including Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt, Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Transforming growth factor β (Tgfβ), Bone morphogenic protein (Bmp), and Ectodysplasin (Eda) (Fig. 2).
What is SOX2 a marker for?
SOX2 is a marker for NCSs both during development and in the adult brain (Ellis et al., 2004; Suh et al., 2007) and is essential for the viability of NSCs both in vivo and in vitro (Favaro et al., 2009) (our unpublished observations).
What is a transcription factor and how do they work?
Transcription factors are proteins that help turn specific genes “on” or “off” by binding to nearby DNA. Transcription factors that are activators boost a gene’s transcription. Repressors decrease transcription.
What does the SOX9 gene do?
The SOX9 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role during embryonic development. The SOX9 protein is especially important for development of the skeleton and plays a key role in the determination of sex before birth.
What does nestin stain for?
Nestin has recently received attention as a marker for detecting newly formed endothelial cells. Nestin is an angiogenesis marker of proliferating endothelial cells in colorectal cancer tissue.
What is Nanong?
NANOG is a transcription factor that is involved in the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ES) and is a critical factor for the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of pluripotent cells.
What are transcriptional cofactors?
Transcriptional cofactors are cellular factors that connect the sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors to the general transcriptional machinery, either directly or through modifications of chromatin structure.
What activates SRY gene?
There is evidence from work on suppression of male development that DAX1 can interfere with function of SF1, and in turn transcription of SRY by recruiting corepressors. There is also evidence that GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) and FOG2 contribute to activation of SRY by associating with its promoter.
What does DMRT1 gene do?
DMRT1 is involved in sex determination and gonadal development across a broad range of species. DMRT proteins are transcription factors that share a DNA-binding domain that is similar to a zinc finger, called the DM domain.
What is SOX2 marker?
SOX2, a persistent marker for multipotential neural stem cells derived from embryonic stem cells, the embryo or the adult. Dev Neurosci.
What is the role of transcription factors in tooth development?
It was proposed that transcription factors in a tissue layer activate the expression of growth factors in response to the signaling of growth factors produced from the adjacent tissue, forming a signaling network that regulates organogenesis 3. Mammalian tooth development shares many similarities with other embryonic organs.
Does octamer-binding transcription factor 4B1 influence microRNA signals in dental pulp cells?
The effect of octamer-binding transcription factor 4B1 on microRNA signals in human dental pulp cells with inflammatory response Oct-4B1 may play a critical role in the inflammatory response of DPCs through interaction with miRNAs. Oct-4B1 may play a critical role in the inflammatory response of DPCs through interaction with miRNAs.
What is dental pulp?
Abstract Dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue, which have a restrict regeneration capacity due to anatomical arrangement and post-mitotic nature of odontoblastic cells.
What are the new strategies for dental pulp regeneration?
New strategies for dental pulp regeneration require the development of compatible biomaterials. As in any other tissue, the engineering of the dental pulp demands the association of appropriate cells with a conducive microenvironment (1).