What is a parotid sialogram?

A sialogram is an x-ray test using contrast (x-ray dye) to look in detail at the larger salivary glands (the parotid or submandibular). These glands help to keep your mouth moist by draining saliva into your mouth through small tubes called ducts.

What are the indications of sialography?

Your doctor may recommend a sialogram if you have one or more of the following symptoms:

• a constant abnormal or foul taste in your mouth.
• an inability to fully open your mouth.
• discomfort or pain when opening your mouth.
• dry mouth.
• mouth pain.
• face pain.
• swelling over your jaw in front of your ears.

How do we perform sialography procedure?

A sialogram is performed to diagnose blockage of the salivary flow due to stones or strictures. This examination is done by introducing a very thin tube into the opening of the duct and injecting a small amount of liquid. This probe procedure is done without any anesthesia since it is not too painful.

What is Mr sialography?

MR sialography is based on the principle of MR hydrography in which stationary fluids are hyperintense on heavily T2 weighted images. This technique is noninvasive with rapid acquisition of images that demonstrate the main duct and intraglandular branches up to second order branching in the salivary glands.

How do you do a sialogram xray?

A catheter (a small flexible tube) is inserted through your mouth and into the duct of the salivary gland. A special dye (contrast medium) is then injected into the duct. This allows the duct to show up on the x-ray. X-rays will be taken from several positions.

What is Sialendoscopy surgery?

Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure to diagnose and treat salivary gland disorders including stones, strictures, chronic inflammation and other problems affecting the major salivary glands. Doctors use a tiny endoscope to see and address problems inside the major salivary glands.

Is sialogram and sialography same?

Sialography (also termed radiosialography) is the radiographic examination of the salivary glands. It usually involves the injection of a small amount of contrast medium into the salivary duct of a single gland, followed by routine X-ray projections. The resulting image is called a sialogram.

What are the contraindications of sialography?

Sialography is contraindicated in acute infections because disrupted ductal epithelium may allow extravasation of contrast agent, resulting in a foreign body reaction and severe pain. However, this technique is appropriate for use in cases of suspected chronic infections.

What are the disadvantages of sialography examination?

Disadvantages of conventional sialography include radiation exposure, the need to cannulate the ductal orifice, and pain during contrast injection. Duct cannulation requires an experienced operator, especially in patients with calculus close to the ductal orifice and papillary stenosis.

What type of contrast media is used for sialography?

Conray 80, Amipaque 440, Lipiodol UF, Myodil, and Duroliopaque appear to be the media most suited for sialography, provided glandular overfilling is avoided.

What is Sialometry?

Sialometry is a measure of saliva flow. Many different techniques have been devised, yet none are perfect. Four major salivary glands and innumerable minor salivary glands generate saliva.

Do salivary stones show up on xray?

Approximately 80–90% of the stones are opaque on a standard review X-ray. However, up to 20% of the calculi cannot be revealed with a review X-ray [1,7,8,10]. It was observed that the stones of the submandibular gland produce opacity only in 80–90% of the cases, while the stones of the parotid gland only in 60%.

Are you awake during sialendoscopy?

The sialendoscopy may be carried out under general or local anaesthetic (you may be asleep or awake during the procedure). The procedure will take approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour. It involves widening the gland duct using different size tubes until the endoscope can be inserted.

What sialography means?

[ sī′ə-lŏg′rə-fē ] n. Radiographic examination of the salivary glands and ducts after the introduction of a radiopaque material into the ducts.

Why does a patient undergo a sialography procedure?

Performing a sialography can help doctors make sure the patient’s salivary glands and ducts are in good condition. Doing so can help prevent potential problems that may affect digestion, such as indigestion and malnutrition.

What is the Sialometry test and how done this test?

You will be asked to sit quietly, without talking or chewing, and spit any saliva that accumulates in the floor of your mouth into a pre-weighed tube . This test is generally done for a total of 5-15 minutes.

What causes parotid stones?

The cause is not known, but several factors are associated with salivary stone formation: Dehydration, due to inadequate fluid intake, illness, or medications such as diuretics (water pills) and anticholinergic drugs. Trauma to the inside of the mouth. Smoking.

Do you think sialography is still an essential procedure these days?

Digital subtraction sialography and ultrasonography are the methods of choice in the imaging of salivary gland calculi. Although sialography is a very old diagnostic method, still it is the best diagnostic tool in the imaging of subtle anatomy of salivary gland duct system.

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